A - Hail
AAA - (or AAB, AAC ... etc., in sequence) Amended meteorological
message (message type designator)
AAL - Above aerodrome level
ABM - Abeam
ABNDT - Abundant
ABNML - Abnormal
ABT - About
ABV - Above
Ac or AC - Altocumulus
AC - Anticipated Convection Outlook.
ACC - Area Control Center or area control
ACCAS - Altocumulus Castellanus
ACCID - Notification of an aircraft accident
ACCUM - Accumulate
ACFT - Aircraft
ACK - Acknowledge
ACLT - Accelerate
ACLTD - Accelerated
ACLTG - Accelerating
ACLTS - Accelerates
ACPT - Accept or accepted
ACPY - Accompany
ACRS - Across ACSL - Altocumulus Standing
Lenticular
ACT - Active or activated or activity
ACTV - Active
ACTVTY - Activity
ACYC - Anticyclone
AD - aerodrome
ADA - advisory area
ADDN - Addition or additional
ADJ - Adjacent
ADL - Additional
ADM - Administrative Messages
ADQT - Adequate
ADQTLY - Adequately
ADR - Advisory route
ADRNDCK - Adirondack
ADVCT - Advect
ADVCTD - Advected
ADVCTG - Advecting
ADVCTN - Advection
ADVCTS - Advects
ADVIS - Headwater Advisory Program
ADVN - Advance
ADVNG - Advancing
ADVS - Advisory service
ADVY - Advisory
ADVYS - Advisories
ADZ - Advise
AFCT - Affect
AFCTD - Affected
AFCTG - Affecting
AFD - Area Forecast Discussion
AFDK - After dark
AFOS - Automation of Field Operations and Services.
AFT - After ... (time or place)
AFTN - Afternoon
AGC - Automatic Gain Control
AGL - Above ground level
AGN - Again
AGRD - Agreed
AGRMT - Agreement
AGRS - Agrees
AHD - Ahead
AHOS-S - Automatic Hydrologic Observing System - Satellite
AHOS - Automatic Hydrologic Observing System
AHOS-T - Automatic Hydrologic Observing System - Telephone
AIREP - Air Report
AAL - Above aerodrome level
AIRMET - AIRman's METeorological Information
AK - Alaska
AL - Alabama
ALERT - Automated Local Evaluation in Real Time
ALF - Aloft
ALG - Along
ALGHNY - Allegheny
ALQDS - All quadrants
ALSTG - Altimeter setting
ALT - Altitude
ALTA - Alberta
ALTHO - Although
ALTM - Altimeter
ALUTN - Aleutian
AMD - Amend or amended (used to indicate amended meteorological message; message
type designator)
AMDD - Amended
AMDG - Amending
AMDT - Amendment
AMOS - Automatic Meteorological Observing System
AMPG - Amplifying
AMPLTD - Amplitude
AMS - Air mass
AMSL - Above mean sea level
AMT - Amount
ANLYS - Analysis
ANS - Answer
A01 - Automatic observation with no precip discriminator (rain/snow)
A02 - Automatic observation with precip discriminator (rain/snow)
AOB - At or Below
AP - Anomalous Propagation or Airport
APCH - Approach
APCHG - Approaching
APCHS - Approaches
API - Antecedent Precipitation Index
APLCN - Appalachian
APLCNS - Appalachians
APPR - Appear
APPRG - Appearing
APPRS - Appears
APR - April
APRNT - Apparent
APRNTLY - Apparently
APRX - Approximate or approximately
APRXLY - Approximately
APSG - After passing
AQI - Air Quality Statement
AR - Arkansas
Arcus - Arc Cloud
ARFOR - Area forecast (in aeronautical meteorological code)
ARND - Around
ARPT - Airport
ARR - Arrive or arrival
ART - Automatic Radio Theodolite Master Control Unit
As or AS - Altostratus
ASAP - AHOS SHEF Automatic Processing System or as soon as possible
ASAPTRAN - The software component of ASAP.
ASC - Ascent to or ascending to
ASH - Assistant Service Hydrologist
ASL - Above Sea Level
ASMD - As amended
ASOS - Automated Surface Observing System.
ASSOCD - Associated
ASSOCN - Association
AT... - At (followed by time at which weather change is forecast to occur)
ATAD - Automated Telephone Answering Device.
ATDTDCS - Automated Tone Dial Telephone Data Collection System
ATLC - Atlantic
ATMU - Air Transportable Mobile Unit
ATP... - At... (time or place)
ATTM - At this time
ATTN - Attention
AUG - August
AURBO - Aurora Borealis
AUTOB - Automatic Weather Reporting System
AVBL - Available or availability
AVG - Average
AVN - AViatioN model
AWC - Aviation Weather Center
AWHPS - Area Wide Hydrologic Prediction System
AWIPS - Advanced Weather Interactive Processing System.
AWOS - Automated Weather Observation System.
AWT - Awaiting
AZ - Arizona
AZM - Azimuth
G - Gust or Green
GA - Georgia
GEN - General
GENLY - Generally
GEO - Geographic or true
GEOREF - Geographical reference
GF - Ground fog
GICG - Glaze icing
GLFALSK - Gulf of Alaska
GLFCAL - Gulf of California
GLFMEX - Gulf of Mexico
GLFSTLAWR - Gulf of St. Lawrence
GMDSS - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System
GND - Ground
GNDFG - Ground fog
GOES - Geostationary Orbiting Environmental Satellite
GOM - Global Ocean Model
GPS - Global Positioning System
GR - Hail
GRAD - Gradient
GRDL - Gradual
GRDLY - Gradually
GRID - Processed meteorological data in the form of grid point values
GRT - Great
GRTLKS - Great Lakes
GRTLY - Greatly
GRTR - Greater
GRTST - Greatest
GS - Small hail and/or snow pellets
GSTS - Gusts
GSTY - Gusty
GV - Ground visibility
HADS -
Hydrometeorological Automated Data System
HAZ - Hazard HCVIS - High clouds visible HDFRZ -
Hard freeze
HDG - Heading
HDRAIN - An Hourly Digital Rainfall Product of the WSR-88D.
HDSVLY - Hudson Valley
HDWND - Head wind
HEL - Helicopter
HGT - Height or height above
HI - High, Hail Index, or Heat Index
HIC - Hydrologist in Charge or Hydrometeorological Information
Center of the Office of Hydrology (OH)
HIER - Higher
HIFOR - High level forecast
HIGH - High
HJ - Sunrise to sunset
HLF - Half
HLS - Hurricane Local Statement HLSTO - Hailstones
HLTP - Hilltop
HLYR - Haze layer aloft
HMD - Hemispheric Map Discussion
HMT - Hydrometeorological Technicians
HN - Sunset to sunrise
HND - Hundred
HOD - The Hydrologist on Duty or Hydrologic Operations Division of
the Office of Hydrology (OH).
HOL - Holiday
HP - High Precipitation
HPA - Hectapascal
HPC - Hydrometeorological Prediction Center
HPD - Hourly Precipitation Data
HR - Hour
HRL - The Hydrological Research Laboratory at the Office of
Hydrology (OH).
HRS - Hours
HRZN - Horizon
HSA - Hydrologic Service Area
HSB - The Hydrologic Systems Branch in the Office of Hydrology (OH).
HSD - Heavy Snow Discussion
HSF - High Seas Forecasts
HTC - The Hydrometeorological Training Council
HTG - Heating
HURCN - Hurricane
HUREP - Hurricane report
HV - Have
HVY - Heavy
HVYR - Heavier
HVYST - Heaviest
HWO - Severe Weather Potential Statement
HWVR - However
HWY - Highway
HYR - Higher
Hz - Hertz (Hz)
HZ - Haze
M - Mesocyclone, Mach number
(followed by figures), or Meters (preceded by figures)
m2/s2 - meters squared per second squared, equivalent to J/kg.
See CAPE and CIN.
MA - Massachusetts
MAN - Manitoba
MAP - Mean Areal Precipitation or Aeronautical maps and charts
MAR - March
MAREP - Marine Reporting Program
MAX - Maximum
MAY - May
MB or mb - Millibars.
MCC - Mesoscale Convective Complex
MCD - Mesoscale Discussion
MCDW - Monthly Climatic Data of the World
McIDAS - Man-computer Interactive Data Access System.
MCS - Mesoscale Convective System
MCW - Modulated continuous wave
MD - Maryland
MDFY - Modify
MDFYD - Modified
MDFYG - Modifying
MDL - Model
MDLS - Models
MDS - Minimum Discernible Signal
MDT - Moderate
MDTLY - Moderately
ME - Maine
MED - Medium MEGG - Merging
MESO - Mesocyclone or Mesoscale
MET - Meteorological or meteorology
METAR - Aviation rountine weather report (in aeronautical meteorological code)
METRO - Metropolitan
MEX - Mexico
MHKVLY - Mohawk Valley
MI - Michigan
MIC - Meteorologist-In-Charge
Micro-ART - Microcomputer Automatic Radiotheodolite Master Control
Unit
MID - Middle
MIDN - Midnight MIFG - Shallow fog
MIL - Military
MIN - Minutes or Minimum
MISG - Missing
MLCAPE - Mean Layer CAPE
MLLI - Mean Layer Lifted Index
MLLW - Mean Lower Low Water
MLOS - Microwave Line-Of-Site
MLTLVL - Melting level
MLW - Mean Low Water
MN - Minnesota
MNLND - Mainland
MNLY - Mainly
MNM - Minimum
MNT - Monitor or monitoring or monitored
MO - Missouri
MOD - Meteorological Operations Division or Moderate MOGR - Moderate or greater
MON - Above mountains or Monday
MOS - Model Output Statistics
MOV - Move or moving or movement
MOVD - Moved
MOVG - Moving
MOVMT - Movement
MOVS - Moves
MPC - Marine Prediction Center
MPH - Miles per hour
MPL - Max Parcel Level
MRF - Medium-Range Forecast model
MRGL - Marginal
MRGLLY - Marginally
MRNG - Morning
MRTM - Maritime
MS - Mississippi or Minus
MSG - Message
MSL - Mean Sea Level
MST - Most
MSTLY - Mostly
MSTR - Moisture
MT - Montana or Mountain
MTN - Mountain
MTNS - Mountains
MTU - Metric units
MTW - Mountain waves
MUCAPE - Most Unstable CAPE
MULI - Most Unstable Lifted Index
MULT - Multiple
MULTILVL - Multi-level
MWO - Meteorological watch office
MX - Mixed type of ice formation (white and clear)
MXD - Mixed
N - North or Refractivity
NAB - Not above
NAT - North Atlantic
NATL - National
NAV - Navigation
Navtex - Navigational Telex
NB - New Brunswick or Northbound
NBFR - Not before
NBND - Northbound
NBRHD - Neighborhood
NC - North Carolina or No change
NCCF - NOAA Central Computer Facility.
NCDC - National Climatic Data Center
NCEP - National Centers for Environmental Prediction
NCWX - No change in weather
ND - North Dakota
NE - Northeast or Nebraska
NEB - North-eastbound or Nebraska
NEC - Necessary
NEG - No, negative, permission not granted, or that is not correct
NEGLY - Negatively
NELY - Northeasterly
NERN - Northeastern
NESDIS - National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
Service
NEW ENG - New England
NEWD - Northeastward
NEXRAD - NEXt generation of weather RADar
NFDRS - National Fire Danger Rating System
NFLD - Newfoundland
NGM - Nested Grid Model
NGT - Night
NH - New Hampshire
NHC - National Hurricane Center
NIDS - NEXRAD Information Dissemination Service
NIL - None or I have nothing to send to you
NJ - New Jersey
NL - No layers
NLT - Not later than
NLY - Northerly
NM - Nautical mile or New Mexico
NMBR - Number
NMBRS - Numbers
NMC - National Meteorological Center. This was the former name
of NCEP
NML - Normal
NMRS - Numerous
NNE - North north east
NNELY - North-northeasterly
NNERN - North-northeastern
NNEWD - North-northeastward
NNNN - End of message
NNW - North-northwest
NNWLY - North-northwesterly
NNWRN - North-northwestern
NNWWD - North-northwestward
NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NOHRSC - The National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center
NOPAC - Northern Pacific
NOSIG - No significant change (used in trend-type landing forecasts)
NOTAM - A notice containing information concerning the establishment, condition
or change in any aeronautical facility
NOV - November
NOW - Short Term Forecast
NOWcast - Short Term Forecast
NPRS - Nonpersistent
NR - Number or Near
NRCS - Natural Resources Conservation Service
NRLY - Nearly
NRN - Northern
NRW - Narrow
Ns - Nimbostratus
NS - Nimbostratus or Nova Scotia
NSC - Nil significant cloud
NSH - Nearshore Lake Forecast
NSSFC - National Severe Storms Forecast Center now known as SPC
NSSL - National Severe Storms Laboratory
NSW - Nil significant weather
NTFY - Notify
NTFYD - Notified
NV - Nevada
NVA - Negative Vorticity Advection
NW - Northwest
NWB - North-westbound
NWD - Northward
NWFO - National Weather Service Forecast
Office
NWLY - Northwesterly
NWP - Numerical Weather Prediction.
NWR - NOAA Weather Radio
NWRN - Northwestern
NWS - National Weather Service.
NWSH - National Weather Service Headquarters.
NWSO - National Weather Service Office
NWSRFS V5.0 - National Weather Service River Forecast Model Version
5
NWWS - NOAA Weather Wire System
NXT - Next
NY - New York
V - Base Velocity
VA - Virginia or Volcanic Ash
VAD - Velocity-Azimuth Display VAL - In valleys
VARN - Variation
VC - Vicinity
VCNTY - Vicinity
VCOT - VFR conditions on top
VCS - Velocity Cross Section
VCTR - Vector
VCY - Vicinity
VDUC - VAS Data Utilization Center (NSSFC)
VER - Vertical
VFR - Visual Flight Rules
VFY - Verify
VFYD - Verified
VFYG - Verifying
VFYS - Verifies
VHF - Very high frequency [30 to 300 MHz) VIL - Vertically Integrated
Liquid Water
VIL - Vertically-Integrated Liquid water
VIP - Very important person
VIP - Video Integrator and Processor
VIS - Visibility or Visible
VLCTY - Velocity
VLCTYS - Velocities
VLNT - Violent
VLNTLY - Violently
VLY - Valley
VLYS - Valleys
VMC - Visual meteorological conditions
VOL - Volume
VOLMET - Meteorological information for aircraft in flight
VOMIT - VIL Of the Moment In Time
VOR - VHF omnidirectional radio range
VORT - Vorticity
VR - Veer
VRB - Variable
VRBL - Variable
VRG - Veering
VRISL - Vancouver Island, BC
VRS - Veers
VRT MOTN - Vertical Motion
VRY - Very
VSA - By visual reference to the ground
VSB - Visible
VSBY - Visibility
VSBYDR - Visibility decreasing rapidly
VSBYIR - Visibility increasing rapidly
VT - Vertical Totals or Vermont
VV - Vertical velocity
VVP - Volume Velocity Processing
VWP - Velocity Azimuth Display (VAD) Wind Profile
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So after nonreving to that great
destination or cruise, It seems like everywhere you go someone has their
hand out looking for a tip. The question is how much will make them feel
that they want to help you when you come back without spending all the
money you saved. A while back we told you about what each country's tipping philosophy around the world is, now we
are going to break that down further for each service you may use. It is
in dollars so you may have to convert the currency which we have on each
individual Nonrev Pages.
Taxi 15% - This one shocked me. All these
years I thought it was 20. Here is another tip to make sure they
take the quickest route. Have a map out and ask questions. This will
make them think you know where they are going and they won't do
anything to lose a tip.
Limo 20% - since you don’t pay them by the
mile, the tip is dependent on the other services like how safely he
drives and how prompt and polite. It also depends of any extra
things he brings for you.
Bellhop/porter 1-2$ 2 for the heavy bags.
This of course depends on the currency of the country. Those with a
weaker one may expect your currency over theirs. Stay away from
giving change in a foreign country. It is much harder for them to
convert or for them to use.
Doorman 1$ for hailing a cab. If he just
opens the door, a thank-you will do. If it is more than that, like
holding an umbrella, getting a cart for your bags, or helping with
bags, a tip is good manners.
Parking Valet - 2$ This tip is only paid on
the return of your car, in good condition. If special care is
required like with premium spot or if it is very expensive, 5-10$
for both dropping off and picking up.
Room service - The first thing to do is look
for service charge. If there is already a charge, then you are not
obligated. If there is some kind of set up or special handling you
can't do, then tip 15-20%.
Housekeeper - For extra soaps or folding
towels into swans like on cruise, anything above and beyond, 1-2$.
It is very important to put the gratuity in envelope clearly marked
and sealed so there is no confusion.
Concierge - There is no tip for ordinary
advice like directions or simple reservations. If they get a special
reservation, then it is 5$. If it for hard to get tickets, it is
20$.
Pool attendant - No tip is needed unless
extra service like reserving lounge chairs, lending reading
material, inflating pool toys, or providing sunscreen. Then it is
customary to tip 2-3$.
Tour guide - First check and see if a tip not
included. If it is not, then a gratuity of 10 to 20% is customary.
If it is an all day tour $3 to 4$. If you are lucky enough to have
a private tour, more is expected.
The other thing about tips is if you currency is
stronger than theirs, it is fine to use you money. Just don’t give it to
them in coins less then base currency. Giving 4 quarters in Haiti is
useless because they have a problem exchanging it. A Dollar or Pound or
Euro is accepted universally.
Great Place to go
for Happy Hour instead of Paying for dinner. Great selection and large
quantities of pastas, anti-pastas, pizza, and grilled vegetables. Beer
for 7 Euro 66cl, Wine for 6 Euro a Glass, FREE
FOOD
The collections
are the work of this sculptor who kept all his life the core values of a
life simple and rustic, from its beginning in Montauban and Toulouse,
its installation on Paris.
The title of
fellow who is very particular in relation to a work of classic craftsman
almost disappear almost entirely due to industrialization, the
transformation of learning and authorization of labor unions.
LIFR 
IFR
MVFR 
LGT 
MDT 
SEV
LGT 
MDT 
SEV
